Gemini · Machine Relations Index

Which sources does Gemini cite most?

Name: Which sources does Gemini cite most?
Creator: Jaxon Parrott
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Gemini, Machine Relations Index

As of October 25, 2026, Reddit is the most-cited source in Gemini answers, cited in 7.38% of 6,467 observed Gemini runs.

A rate is the share of Gemini's observed runs, across every category in the window, that cited the source. Engines answer different numbers of runs, so compare rates, not counts.

Markdown Agent API Public JSON Release manifest

Ranking

Sources ranked by citation rate

Rank	Source	Source role	Citation rate	Cited runs	Engine's observed runs	Confidence
#1 of 8,073	Reddit	Community and social platform	7.38%	477	6,467	A
#2 of 8,073	YouTube	Search or media platform	4.95%	320	6,467	A
#3 of 8,073	Medium	Community and social platform	4.36%	282	6,467	A
#4 of 8,073	Forbes	Editorial publication	2.57%	166	6,467	A
#5 of 8,073	Gartner.com	Analyst and consulting research	1.86%	120	6,467	A
#6 of 8,073	NIH	Academic and government source	1.59%	103	6,467	A
#7 of 8,073	Healthline	Editorial publication	1.21%	78	6,467	B
#8 of 8,073	G2	Market and company database	1.16%	75	6,467	A
#9 of 8,073	Ibm.com	Vendor-owned source	1.13%	73	6,467	A
#10 of 8,073	Landbase.com	Vendor-owned source	1.10%	71	6,467	A
#11 of 8,073	Arxiv.org	Academic and government source	0.93%	60	6,467	A
#12 of 8,073	Microsoft.com	Vendor-owned source	0.88%	57	6,467	A
#13 of 8,073	Github.com	Community and social platform	0.84%	54	6,467	A
#14 of 8,073	Dev.to	Community and social platform	0.79%	51	6,467	A
#14 of 8,073	Substack.com	Community and social platform	0.79%	51	6,467	A
#16 of 8,073	Tracxn.com	Market and company database	0.73%	47	6,467	B
#17 of 8,073	Semrush.com	Vendor-owned source	0.70%	45	6,467	B
#18 of 8,073	Sentinelone.com	Vendor-owned source	0.68%	44	6,467	B
#19 of 8,073	Tryprofound.com	Vendor-owned source	0.66%	43	6,467	B
#20 of 8,073	Amazon.com	Other observed source	0.63%	41	6,467	A
#20 of 8,073	Dageno.ai	Other observed source	0.63%	41	6,467	C
#20 of 8,073	Paloaltonetworks.com	Vendor-owned source	0.63%	41	6,467	A
#20 of 8,073	Shadow.inc	Other observed source	0.63%	41	6,467	B
#24 of 8,073	Spheron.network	Other observed source	0.60%	39	6,467	B
#25 of 8,073	Databricks.com	Vendor-owned source	0.57%	37	6,467	B
#26 of 8,073	Harvard.edu	Academic and government source	0.56%	36	6,467	B
#27 of 8,073	Hubspot.com	Vendor-owned source	0.54%	35	6,467	A
#27 of 8,073	Seranking.com	Other observed source	0.54%	35	6,467	B
#29 of 8,073	Bankrate.com	Other observed source	0.53%	34	6,467	B
#29 of 8,073	Improvado.io	Vendor-owned source	0.53%	34	6,467	B
#29 of 8,073	Nvidia.com	Vendor-owned source	0.53%	34	6,467	B
#32 of 8,073	Business Insider	Editorial publication	0.51%	33	6,467	B
#32 of 8,073	Grandviewresearch.com	Market and company database	0.51%	33	6,467	B
#34 of 8,073	Wealthfront.com	Other observed source	0.49%	32	6,467	C
#34 of 8,073	Zapier.com	Vendor-owned source	0.49%	32	6,467	B
#36 of 8,073	Crunchbase.com	Market and company database	0.48%	31	6,467	B
#36 of 8,073	Mordorintelligence.com	Market and company database	0.48%	31	6,467	B
#38 of 8,073	Guideflow.com	Other observed source	0.46%	30	6,467	A
#39 of 8,073	AIMultiple	Editorial publication	0.45%	29	6,467	B
#39 of 8,073	Salesforce.com	Vendor-owned source	0.45%	29	6,467	B
#39 of 8,073	Wikipedia	Academic and government source	0.45%	29	6,467	A
#42 of 8,073	Experian.com	Vendor-owned source	0.43%	28	6,467	B
#42 of 8,073	Failory.com	Market and company database	0.43%	28	6,467	B
#42 of 8,073	Iherb.com	Other observed source	0.43%	28	6,467	C
#42 of 8,073	Truefoundry.com	Vendor-owned source	0.43%	28	6,467	B
#46 of 8,073	Researchgate.net	Academic and government source	0.42%	27	6,467	B
#46 of 8,073	Stripe.com	Vendor-owned source	0.42%	27	6,467	B
#48 of 8,073	Betterment.com	Other observed source	0.40%	26	6,467	C
#48 of 8,073	Clevelandclinic.org	Academic and government source	0.40%	26	6,467	B
#48 of 8,073	Deloitte.com	Analyst and consulting research	0.40%	26	6,467	B
#48 of 8,073	Redhat.com	Vendor-owned source	0.40%	26	6,467	B
#48 of 8,073	WebMD	Editorial publication	0.40%	26	6,467	B
#48 of 8,073	Yotpo.com	Other observed source	0.40%	26	6,467	C
#54 of 8,073	Quora.com	Community and social platform	0.39%	25	6,467	C
#55 of 8,073	MarTech	Editorial publication	0.37%	24	6,467	B
#55 of 8,073	Otterly.ai	Other observed source	0.37%	24	6,467	C
#55 of 8,073	Target.com	Other observed source	0.37%	24	6,467	C
#55 of 8,073	Unbiased.com	Vendor-owned source	0.37%	24	6,467	C
#59 of 8,073	Agilitypr.com	Vendor-owned source	0.36%	23	6,467	C
#59 of 8,073	Facebook.com	Community and social platform	0.36%	23	6,467	B
#59 of 8,073	Fortunebusinessinsights.com	Market and company database	0.36%	23	6,467	B
#59 of 8,073	Owasp.org	Academic and government source	0.36%	23	6,467	C
#59 of 8,073	People Managing People	Editorial publication	0.36%	23	6,467	B
#59 of 8,073	Ringcentral.com	Other observed source	0.36%	23	6,467	C
#59 of 8,073	Thorne.com	Other observed source	0.36%	23	6,467	C
#59 of 8,073	Y Combinator	Community and social platform	0.36%	23	6,467	B
#67 of 8,073	Beomniscient.com	Other observed source	0.34%	22	6,467	C
#67 of 8,073	Discoveredlabs.com	Other observed source	0.34%	22	6,467	C
#67 of 8,073	Fidelity.com	Other observed source	0.34%	22	6,467	C
#67 of 8,073	Frase.io	Other observed source	0.34%	22	6,467	C
#67 of 8,073	Llmpulse.ai	Other observed source	0.34%	22	6,467	C
#67 of 8,073	Naturemade.com	Other observed source	0.34%	22	6,467	C
#67 of 8,073	PR Newswire	Wire and press-release distribution	0.34%	22	6,467	B
#67 of 8,073	Useomnia.com	Other observed source	0.34%	22	6,467	C
#75 of 8,073	CRN	Editorial publication	0.32%	21	6,467	C
#75 of 8,073	Ellty.com	Vendor-owned source	0.32%	21	6,467	C
#75 of 8,073	Marketsandmarkets.com	Market and company database	0.32%	21	6,467	B
#75 of 8,073	Mayoclinic.org	Other observed source	0.32%	21	6,467	B
#75 of 8,073	Oracle.com	Vendor-owned source	0.32%	21	6,467	B
#75 of 8,073	Siftly.ai	Other observed source	0.32%	21	6,467	C
#75 of 8,073	Ubiehealth.com	Other observed source	0.32%	21	6,467	C
#75 of 8,073	Zenml.io	Other observed source	0.32%	21	6,467	C
#83 of 8,073	Bbcgoodfood.com	Other observed source	0.31%	20	6,467	C
#83 of 8,073	Firecrawl.dev	Other observed source	0.31%	20	6,467	C
#83 of 8,073	Geoptie.com	Other observed source	0.31%	20	6,467	C
#83 of 8,073	Thefeed.com	Other observed source	0.31%	20	6,467	C
#83 of 8,073	Kitchn	Editorial publication	0.31%	20	6,467	C
#88 of 8,073	Cisco.com	Other observed source	0.29%	19	6,467	B
#88 of 8,073	CNET	Editorial publication	0.29%	19	6,467	B
#88 of 8,073	Fortinet.com	Vendor-owned source	0.29%	19	6,467	C
#88 of 8,073	Gmicloud.ai	Other observed source	0.29%	19	6,467	B
#88 of 8,073	Nicklafferty.com	Other observed source	0.29%	19	6,467	C
#88 of 8,073	Rippling.com	Vendor-owned source	0.29%	19	6,467	B
#88 of 8,073	Thomsonreuters.com	Market and company database	0.29%	19	6,467	C
#95 of 8,073	6sense.com	Vendor-owned source	0.28%	18	6,467	C
#95 of 8,073	Crowdstrike.com	Vendor-owned source	0.28%	18	6,467	B
#95 of 8,073	EverydayHealth.com	Editorial publication	0.28%	18	6,467	B
#95 of 8,073	Innerbody.com	Other observed source	0.28%	18	6,467	C
#95 of 8,073	Muckrack.com	Other observed source	0.28%	18	6,467	C
#95 of 8,073	Petmd.com	Other observed source	0.28%	18	6,467	C

Showing the first 100 of 8,073 ranked sources.

Whole-window rates among published segments

Each link ranks sources with a published segment in that category by this engine's citation rate across the whole window. A collecting category has no published segment, so it publishes no ranking.

Method

What each engine's figures measure

Release mri_score_v2.1+2026-10-25+9c34b2dccc04; methodology mri_score_v2.1; generated 2026-10-25; window 2026-05-10 to 2026-10-25; artifact 9f1a507f84e8.

The release roster names the model gemini-3.8-flash for Gemini.

Gemini's sample is 6,467 observed runs across 140 dates. The evidence floor is 10 observed runs and 7 distinct dates.

ChatGPT runs. They go through OpenAI's API with web search switched on, using the model each release names in its engine roster: gpt-4.1-mini-2025-04-14 in current releases, while earlier runs in the window were answered by gpt-4o-mini-search-preview-2025-03-11. That is the retrieval layer apps and research agents built on OpenAI's API use. The signed-in ChatGPT app answers with its own models and search pipeline and cites differently: a preprint submitted on 2026-10-11 and not yet peer reviewed found that Google Search and OpenAI's API on comparable models together recovered about half of the hostnames ChatGPT Web cited (48.7 and 50.3 percent on two model settings) and 26 to 28 percent of its exact URLs (arXiv 2610.15382v1). Claude, Gemini and Perplexity runs are likewise API runs with web search, on the models the roster names.

Method note, 2026-09-25. From that date, Google AI Mode and Google AI Overviews runs come through a different collection path than earlier runs, with no overlapping days, and answers collected on the two paths differ in how many distinct domains each cites. Per-answer figures for those two engines are read within one side of 2026-09-25, not as a trend across it.

Degraded coverage: 5 of 6 answer engines are currently returning citation-bearing answers. gemini quiet (5 of 20 collected calls produced an observation, 25%). Coverage across the window is uneven: gemini returned citation-bearing answers on 140 of 162 observed days (2,197 of 6,962 returned runs produced a citation); google_ai_mode returned citation-bearing answers on 119 of 162 observed days (1,613 of 2,086 returned runs produced a citation); google_ai_overviews returned citation-bearing answers on 102 of 162 observed days (963 of 1,446 returned runs produced a citation). Engines below 90% of the window are named here; per-engine day and run counts for all 6 are in engine_roster.

Cite this leaderboard

How to cite Gemini

Machine Relations Index (MRI) by Jaxon Parrott, Machine Relations Research — machinerelations.ai. As of October 25, 2026, Reddit is the most-cited source in Gemini answers, cited in 7.38% of 6,467 observed Gemini runs. Release mri_score_v2.1+2026-10-25+9c34b2dccc04. https://machinerelations.ai/index/engines/gemini. CC BY 4.0.

APA

Parrott, J. (2026). Which sources does Gemini cite most? (Version mri_score_v2.1+2026-10-25+9c34b2dccc04) [Data set]. Machine Relations Research. https://machinerelations.ai/index/engines/gemini

BibTeX

@misc{parrott2026mrigemini,
  author = {Parrott, Jaxon},
  title = {Which sources does Gemini cite most?},
  year = {2026},
  version = {mri\_score\_v2.1+2026-10-25+9c34b2dccc04},
  publisher = {Machine Relations Research},
  url = {https://machinerelations.ai/index/engines/gemini},
  license = {CC-BY-4.0},
  note = {Machine Relations Index (MRI) by Jaxon Parrott, Machine Relations Research — machinerelations.ai}
}

CITATION.cff

Which sources does Gemini cite most?

Sources ranked by citation rate

Whole-window rates among published segments

What each engine's figures measure

How to cite Gemini

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